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4,220-year-old rock art in SW China’s Yunnan reveals early cultural links with Southeast Asia_我的网站

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　　文章作者为记者Zach Weiss，文章观点与译者无关。

    Timeline of the major painted rock art groups in Southwest China: A-A′: Jinsha River rock art; B-B′: Mangguan-Cangyuan rock art; C-C′: Zuojiang rock art Photos: Xinhua
Chinese researchers have obtained the first absolute dates for rock paintings at the Mangguan rock art site in Southwest China's Yunnan Province, pushing the known history of rock art created by prehistoric settled communities in the region back to about 4,220 years ago. The paintings also suggest cultural interactions more than 4,000 years ago between Southwest China and civilizations along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, as well as possible exchanges with neighboring parts of Southeast Asia, including present-day Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, a member of the research team told the Global Times.
The Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, in collaboration with Nanjing Normal University and other institutions, have recently made a significant archaeological breakthrough. Through systematic surveys and uranium-thorium (U-Th) dating at the Mangguan site in Gengma county, the research team obtained the first absolute dates for the site's rock paintings, tracing rock art created by prehistoric settled communities back to around 4,220 years ago.
The findings were recently published in the international journal Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.
The Mangguan rock paintings represent one of the best-preserved prehistoric rock art sites in Yunnan. The research team presented high precision U Th dating of carbonate accretions that stratigraphically overlie the painted motifs at the Mangguan site, according to the paper published in the journal.
The dating results show that carbonate deposits overlying a human figure yielded a corrected age of 4,240 ± 19 years before present, confirming that ancient people living in the region had already produced mature figurative art at least 4,220 years ago, Wu Yun, first author of the paper and an associate researcher at the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, was cited by the Xinhua News Agency report as saying.
Dating results from 11 samples taken from different motifs clustered between about 3,907 and 3,056 years ago. By comparison, the Cangyuan cliff paintings had previously been dated to roughly 3,800 to 2,700 years ago. The Mangguan paintings are therefore significantly older, filling an important chronological gap in the region's artistic record before the Cangyuan phase.
Shao Qingfeng, corresponding author of the paper and a professor at the School of Geography at Nanjing Normal University, told the Global Times that previous estimates dated the Mangguan rock paintings to a little over 3,000 years ago based mainly on imagery and comparisons with similar regional sites. Using microsamples of secondary carbonate deposits overlying the paintings, researchers have now obtained a precise minimum age of about 4,220 years before present without damaging the rock art.
The findings and the establishment of this chronological framework not only strengthen the archaeological foundation for studying rock art in Southwest China, but also provide a direct reference for rock art sites across Southeast Asia that have yet to undergo systematic dating, Shao said.
The findings may also challenge long-held perceptions of Southwest China around 4,200 years ago - roughly the era of the Xia Dynasty (c.2070 BC-C.1600 BC) - and help fill a key gap in understanding the pluralistic yet integrated development of Chinese civilization.
Shao said that while academic research has traditionally focused on the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins as cradles of early Chinese civilization, sites such as Mangguan and Cangyuan show that stable and culturally active communities also thrived in mountainous Southwest China. The newly established rock-art chronology brings an artistic dimension to the broader narrative of China's enduring cultural development.
Moreover, stylistic similarities suggest that Southwest China maintained exchanges with the Yellow River and Yangtze River regions and with early societies in Southeast Asia, providing material evidence of cross-regional interaction more than 4,000 years ago.
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    　　纵观丹尼斯·施罗德的NBA生涯，他被交易的次数之多着实令人惊讶。

B | 他一次又一次地证明了自己在攻防两端都是一名高效的球员，但他在各支球队的效力时间往往十分短暂。

　　去年交易截止日，当他与基翁·埃利斯一同加盟克利夫兰骑士时，人们曾希望他能做出贡献并长期留队。

C | 但按照目前的趋势，他很可能将再次被交易，带着合同中的保障年份转投他队。

D |

    　　在效力骑士期间，这位德国后卫确实有过一些令人惊艳的表现。但既然他在球队的日子可能即将画上句号，我们不妨来探讨一下交易的具体细节与潜在下家。

    　　施罗德即将加盟生涯第12支球队？

    　　在未来两年里，施罗德拥有1930万美元的保障薪水，这是最保守的估计。而最理想的情况是，他那直到2027年6月底才转为全额保障的合同能被球队正式执行。

    　　然而，面对必须支付的这笔薪水，骑士队似乎已经准备翻篇。詹姆斯·哈登目前仍未完成续约，部分原因是他想等待球队先处理好其他事务。哈登的目标是签下一份能让球队避免触碰“土豪线”限制的合同。

E | 相比之下，施罗德在季后赛中时有挣扎，加上队内拥有众多年轻后卫，骑士很难找到留下他的充分理由。

　　那么，哪些球队有意引进这位拥有14年NBA经验的老将呢？不少球队拥有足够的薪资空间来吃下他的合同，其中一些球队甚至曾在过去与他有过合作。

F | 根据骑士记者Chris Fedor的报道，潜在下家包括：活塞、快船、灰熊、雄鹿、开拓者、爵士和奇才。

G | 毕竟就在一年前，施罗德还在底特律活塞队担任过季后赛的重要轮换。

    　　黄蜂、活塞、快船、灰熊、雄鹿、开拓者、爵士和奇才均有空间接纳施罗德。

    　　其他几个潜在下家也合情合理。在犹他爵士，他可以成为年轻后卫们的导师。

H | 底特律活塞虽已有丹尼斯·詹金斯，但后者在季后赛中表现挣扎。孟菲斯灰熊阵中已有泰·杰罗姆，但或许他们正需要一位球风坚韧的老将后卫来改变局面，并在交易截止日前将其再次送走。

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　　密尔沃基雄鹿大概率是最不合适的下家，除非他们打算使用延伸条款裁掉施罗德。此外，无论施罗德最终花落谁家，骑士得到的回报恐怕都微乎其微。

J | 送走他最可能的目的，是为了腾出薪资空间去追求佩顿·沃特森和乔纳森·库明加，同时为队内的年轻人腾出出场时间。

    　　消化施罗德留下的出场时间空缺

    　　随着施罗德大概率离队，骑士的后场轮换将出现空缺。起初，泰瑞斯·普罗克特被认为是填补空缺的理想人选。但现在，他将面临次轮秀米利克·托马斯的竞争。

K | 这两名新秀在夏季联赛中的表现都令人眼前一亮，证明了自己配得上进入轮换的机会。

　　当然，还有正处于上升期的四年级后卫克雷格·波特。在效力骑士的三个赛季里，他出色的运动天赋一直令人赞叹。

L | 然而每当季后赛来临，尽管他在常规赛临危受命时表现可圈可点，却总是难逃被弃用的命运。上述球员都将参与到后场名额的竞争中，在某些特定的比赛夜晚，他们肯定都会获得一定的出场时间。无论骑士用施罗德换回什么筹码，都不太可能换回一名即战力角色球员。因此，这就是他们替补阵容将要面临的现实局面。

    　　交易时间线

    　　种种迹象表明，这笔交易很快就会发生。